A Midsummer Night’s Dream Essay Importance of the...

A Midsummer Nights Dream: The Importance of the Nighttime Forest In Shakespeare’s play A Midsummer Nights Dream the dark forest is the center of the world, relegating Athens, center of the civilized Greek world, to the periphery. Day gives way to night, and mortal rulers leave the stage to be replaced by fairies. The special properties of night in a forest make it the perfect setting for the four lovers to set out on a project of self-discovery. Shakespeare implies that in darkness, reliance on senses other than eyesight leads to true seeing. In A Midsummer Nights Dream, the nighttime forest, by disrupting and transforming vision, forces introspection and improvisation that help the four lovers on their way to†¦show more content†¦Setting eyes on someone is also an expression for falling in love. Note Helenas tortured complaint that ere Demetrius looked on Hermias eyne / He hailed down oaths that he was only mine (1.1., ll. 242-3). Vision as a key part of love plays itself out fully in this line: eye contact is vital, because looki ng at someone looking at you is perhaps the most basic physical confrontation of another persons subjectivity (compare the experience of eye contact to the impossibility of hearing someone hear you, or smelling someone smell you). Demetrius looks into Hermias eyes and falls in love. At the end of the same monologue, Helena uses more sight imagery in her resolution to get Demetrius back: But herein mean I to enrich my pain, / To have his sight thither and back again (1.1 ll. 250-1). What has wandered must be made to come back, and so Demetrius gaze becomes shorthand for Demetrius love. Sight, eyes, looking-all are part of a vocabulary of love that would seem to require the light of day rather than a setting in the darkest of all places at the darkest of all hours. But if Lysanders plan gives the first hint about the plays setting (aside from the plays title), Helena gives the first hint of a way to negotiate the tension between a nighttime setting and the visual language of love. Although the language of love makes extensive use of sight

A Comparison of the Representation of the Future of The...

A Comparison of the Representation of the Future of The Matrix and Planet of the Apes Sci-fi films were born in the aftermath of the industrial and scientific revolutions of the 19th century. The first motion picture from this genre was ‘Le Voyage Dans La Lune’, a Georges Meties production from 1902. This is regarded as the first sci-fi film; the one that set the standard for the genre and to what most of the future sci-fi movies would aspire to in someway. Le Voyage includes astronauts, spaceships, space travel, extraterrestrials, all these common†¦show more content†¦In The Matrix, we see the direct reality of this. The world as we know it is being controlled by a higher power, of which we are ignorant. In this case, the higher power is science and technology that has conquered and almost obliterated mankind a s a result of mankind abusing its powers. Man grew too big for its boots. In comparison, POTA shows the results and aftermath of this, it’s what the real world in The Matrix (the real world that is within the story of The Matrix) would be 3000 years into the future if you like. Mankind has destroyed itself, all the scientific and technological development has caused civilisation to go backwards, possibly as a result of it falling into the wrong hands. To show the common ethos of The Matrix and POTA, the two films should be compared to another couple of films from within the genre, to clearly show their similarity and affinity to the genre. ‘Things To Come’ (William Cameron Menzies, 1936) was the first million pound British film, based on a HG Wells novel, and a milestone in the sci-fi genre. The film is set 10 years into the future, 1946, and a thirty year war begins which leaves the world half dead from disease and shell shock. In its place a ‘new order’ rises, governed by one technocratic regime. There are obvious connections to both films, most notably to POTA. We don’t know what caused the

English Essay “On the Lake” Free Essays

The definition of a good parent: Is it being the sensible grownup that is the perfect example of how to act properly, or does this interpretation of a good parent also include a â€Å"wild† site which allows breaking the rules from time to time for the fun of it? â€Å"On the Lake†, by Loaf Alfonse 2008, he reviews the problem of being a responsible adult and a good role model, and yet being able to be an interesting and fun person to be with. It is a typical novel genre text, by the in medias-rest, the short period of time the story trenches on, the few characters and by the â€Å"open† ending of the story. The main theme in the short story is being a good parent. We will write a custom essay sample on English Essay: â€Å"On the Lake† or any similar topic only for you Order Now By this not meaning doing what is the safest and the right thing to do, but doing what is fun and exciting for your children. This is being expressed in the act of wild cruising on the lake. This is neither a safe nor a responsible thing to do, but it is fun for the son, although the cruise almost took a fatal turn, by capsizing. Afterwards it is about whether or not Oscar is to blame for this accident, which he tries to avoid at his very best by blaming Whelm (p. 4, II. 5-36) whenever he mentions the episode, serving scotch or by offering a game of cards. It the story, it seems as if Margaret is very overprotecting towards Oscar. She sits with him till he fall asleep, and constantly checks on him while he is sleeping, listening to his breath takes, and if she can not hear it, she puts her ear to his mouth and nose (p. 2, II. 2-6). This persistently surveillance is caused by the near drowning experience her son Just had. Oscar is still very young, 6 years old, and is still not aware of what s best for him, and is not capable of estimating the risks and dangers by his actions. He saw how Whelm was sailing, and wanted to do the same, unaware of the danger by doing so. Whelm plays a crucial in the outcome of this story. Not only he is responsible for the rescue of Jonas and Oscar, but he is also partly the reason of the hazard sailing by Oscar. While Whelm making tight turns and wild sailing on the lake, Jonas would watch enthralled and fascinated. This later on result in Jonas wants to do the same thing in his boat, but is disappointed of his father’s boring cruising. â€Å"†¦ You never do anything fun like the man in the white boat† (p. , II. 10-11), Jonas stated towards his father. Oscar became rather irritated, and wanted to go home. He gave the boat full throttle, and tried his best to impress his son doing tight turns on the lake. The urge to impress Jonas, and the safety violations, culminated in the boat capsizing. Whelm was watching Oscar and Jonas cruise, as his barbeques was heating up (p. 4, l. 36), and saw them overturn, and h im and his friend, Bicorn, sailed out to save them from drowning. Happen next, a typical novel genre feature called a â€Å"cliffhanger†. img class="aligncenter wp-image-34521 size-full" src="https://donemyessay.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/fishing-on-circle-lake-165.jpg" alt="On the Lake" width="800" height="533" / It ends with Oscar suspecting an evolving sexual relationship between Margaret and Vilely, while being out for scotch and the binoculars with Boson (p. 6, II. 12-15). He checks to see if they are visible through the binoculars, but he is unable to see them in the living room. He runs up to the house, and finds them in the living room, having a suspicion about they had Just sat down again. As he steps in, Whelm says that it is late, and decides to leave with Bicorn. Margaret had found out that Oscar let go of Jonas’ hand and that he was saved before Jonas. This was very upsetting for Margaret to find out Oscar left his son. There is not a universal definition of a good father, but I believe there are certain clichà ©s for the father figure, such as he is a strong, care-taking, encouraging and inspiring role model whom you can rely on. These features it not entirely adjectives that fits the father in the novel, such as he let’s Jonas down, and afterwards is trying to blame others for his mistake, although he is trying as hard as possible to become a good parent. This story can be related to the movie which also is about an Indian father who wants the best for his sons, but in the end has caused more harm than good. How to cite English Essay: â€Å"On the Lake†, Essays

Information Security Penetration Tests

Questions: What are the countermeasures to those threats, and how do they fit within the Situational Crime Prevention framework? How does the current law help or hinder your countermeasures? Are there any proposals for laws that would assist? Is your problem of international scope and, if so, how? Answers: Abstract "Penetration tests" on IT procedures are infrequently nearby true blue "Penetration tests" and start particular development. In veritable "Penetration tests" where start inventive overhaul is allowed, the "Penetration analyser" direct associate with the positives. These courses of action are conventionally focused around turns and if not done suitably can dumbfounded the specialists, part their solace or mischief their have affirmation in at the affiliation and may cause to claims and nonappearance of abundancy. We suggest two methods for performing a veritable "Penetration test" where the consideration on is to get a benefits using start creative progression. 1. Introduction A "Penetration test" can think about both the IT affirmation and the security of the association where the IT sections are composed. In case the "Penetration analyser" looks at the IT clarification, the consideration on is to get or change recognizable information composed crucial in the affiliations structure. In the same course, in dismantling the qualified explanation of the recognition where the IT system is arranged, the purpose behind the "Penetration test" is to get a particular source, for example, a practical device or a chronicles. Bona fide and modernized "Penetration tests" can be ran with start specific change methodologies, where the essentialness is allowed to use taking as a piece of and assistance from the positives to existing the strike. In modernized "Penetration tests" the characteristics of a labourer is perceived all in all, by making phone issues or progressing ahead false email that bait the pro to spot key reasons of budgetary obligation (Soghoian, 2008). These tests can be composed in an ethical manner and inside the valid to benefits obstacles. In any case, considering the characteristics of a specialist against start innovative overhaul in a true blue "Penetration test" is speedy and single individual. Accurately when the master goes into the association of the association and direct looks at with the specialists, she either misleads the delegate, attempting to procure more encounters about the consideration on, or wishes the pro to help her, enabling the expert inside a properly secured collection or giving the imperativeness an affirmation. The nonappearance of any best in class framework in the synchronized attempt with the positives makes the relationship between the "Penetration analyser" and the master phenomenal, especially if the specialist is asked for to part association essentials (Finn, 1995). 2. Risks and security "Penetration testing" can start to what stage the security of IT frameworks is stayed up to by ambushes by online application experts, comes, etc., and whether the principal contrivances set up are starting now arranged for ensuring "IT security". For a prevalent picture of the dangers than "IT security", this zone begins with a finishing the present dangers, illuminating the most by and large saw legitimate purposes of investment and sweeping routines for doing engaging IT methods. This is trailed by a short history of standard IT key tricks, some of which can be broke down with "Penetration tests". Getting everything into thought, the approach of making "Penetration tests" is portrayed. 2.1. Risks In the press, the yield maker is used to examine any person who trespasses into other IT frameworks without climb. Then again, a transcendent authentication is much of the time made "programmers" and "script kiddies". While programming masters are seen as being likely arranged architects who concentrate on security issues in IT structures for innovative reasons, saltines are individuals with legal centrality who control penile mutilation of IT workouts to get illegal reasons of money related obligation, open thought or thankfulness (Greenlees, 2009). "Saltines" having favoured bits of information about the affiliation they are doing fighting are known as "insiders". Colleagues are every now and again frustrated masters of an affiliation who use their reasons of vitality of inward issues to naughtiness that affiliation. The peril revealed by accomplices is particularly noteworthy because they are acquainted with the particular and association perform circumstances and may consider present inadequacies (R. Willison, 2009). "Script kiddies" are for the most part guilty parties missing all around affiliation reasons of budgetary obligation and urged by top quality who fabulously provoke attack devices down-loadable from the web against unimportant or regular ends. Despite the sessions depicted above, association riddle perform additionally uncovers a valid to benefits danger. The objective of association perception is to get reasons of energy of association pieces, for occasion, key creative diagrams, methodology and contemplations that assistance in getting elbowroom against their foes and to use such covered segments for individual a creating concern. 2.2. Schedules Social particular update strikes are attempts to control individuals with favoured reasons of energy to make them uncover security-related unassuming parts, for case, protection security passwords to the foe. Incredible representation, a foe could imagine to be an IT labourer of an affiliation and structure a perplexed customer into discovering his structure certification secret word. The joined pack of possible attack conditions is especially wide with this procedure. In its most noticeable sense, open specific change can other than spread conditions in which certification suitable reasons of meander is procured through weight (Barrett, 2003). Structure focused strikes can't avoid being strikes on structure parts, frameworks and exercises using task framework attributes. This kind of attack uses weak centres or insufficiencies being created and fragments to get orchestrated or complete strikes. Structure centred strikes blend space affirming, IP parodying, taking in, period using, Dos strikes, guarantee grow and structure social affair strikes, and comparably all other tired usage of insufficiencies in fulfilling ends of the line program, application methods and framework strategies (Allsopp, 2009). There can be no IT protection without the valid security of the particular work environments. In the event that qualified crucial frameworks can be gotten there before and genuine get to systems got, it is routinely basically an issue of time before an attack on or adjustment of set away endeavours and purposes of investment can take position. A diagram is the unlawful access into the framework centre of an affiliation and the trading of a hard drive on which individual unobtrusive components are secured. This outline in like way contains the checking of waste for records with fragile security-related purposes of investment. 3. Measurement Workouts to overhaul IT documentation are obliged to battle the dangers identifies with as of now. In any case, 100% security can't be fulfilled. Business estimations, for occasion, IT decree affiliation and improving essentials, and specific exercises, for example, care givers, security and blast partitioning, are used to set up a certain level of IT security). As indicated by the affiliation IT security technique, all such exercises are portrayed in an "IT security" envisioned that is veritable for the entire affiliation (S. Turpe, 2009). On the off chance that the affiliation being evaluated is not prepared to present a security acknowledged or security essentials, it is broken whether "Penetration testing" is significant, especially when the IT field is gotten. In such cases, IT enunciation could likely be improved an extraordinary arrangement more acceptably by first making and executing a suitable security acknowledged. 3.1. Outlines Nowadays, there are a broad assortment of absolute free progression and expert weak centres supporters, the lion's look at of which have an updatable information wellspring of known change and parts frail focal points. These benefits are a valuable undertaking for seeing lacks in the workouts being examined and henceforth of perceiving the dangers stunned. Usually, the watchful parts gave by such resources identifies with a specific information of the fragile centres other than gives regulates in the matter of how to discharge a laziness by modifying portrays outlines. Additionally, an enormous mix of 100 % free headway regions for test or arranging ambushes on online machine parts and frameworks can be found on the web (Clone Systems, 2015). 3.2. Strategies The strategies for "Penetration testing" will make after the headway portrayed underneath. Examination bits of information about the weight on structure: Computer structures that can be used over the web must have a power IP administer. Sensibly start databases give bits of information about the IP regulate jam a flawless scope from associated with an association. Degree concentrate on procedures for associations on offer: An effort is made to execute a starting look at of the methodology being dissected, start opportunities being an affirmation of the endeavours allotted to them. See procedures and applications: The headings and interpretation of working structure and exercises in the stress on framework can be seen by finger prints. Getting some data about Vulnerabilities: Information concerning weak purposes of specific working system and exercises can be surveyed enough using the reasons of cash related obligation amassed. Twisting vulnerabilities: Identified weak centres can be used to get unlawful care the test or to get created further ambushes. The top quality and appraisal of a "Penetration test" depends on upon generally on the level to which the inspect gives the customer's money related condition, i.e. how an amazing bit of the analyser's tries and resources are assisted on finding inadequacies related to the IT business places and how imaginative the analyser's task is. This methodology can't be authentically secured in the key information above, which is the reason there are titanic pontoon mixes in the high top properties of "Penetration testing" as an association (Random Storm, 2015). 4. Phases This area traces the possible starting segments and care programs for a transmitting individual, the "IT security" and protection workouts that can be part down, and how the assessments contrast from customary "IT security" sentiments and IT reviews (P. Finn, 2007). 4.1. Begging of phases Typical starting zones or variables of attack for a Penetration test" are flame allotting, RAS openness parts (like, zones, cleared overhauling availability centres), web servers, and Wi-Fi systems. Given their part as a front entryway between the web and the affiliation system, flame dividing clear thinks for attack attempts and starting segments for Penetration tests". A couple of web servers that offer inclination that are available on the outside, for occurrence, FTP, email, and DNS, will be joined in the pioneer, as will essential perform channels. Web servers have a dangerous potential as a consequence of their differing strategies and the making weak focal points. 4.2. Estimation of test A "Penetration test" can look at sensible IT key peculiarities, for occurrence, affirmation security passwords, and activities, for occasion, care control methodology. Reasonably basically sensible controls are poor down as this can ordinarily be displayed scarcely through the framework which sets aside a few minutes taking, and in light of the way that the shot of ambushes on sensible IT controls is thought to be far higher. Unapproved individuals plan to availability properly secured purposes of investment or malevolently affect unobtrusive components strategies. Orchestrated and "Penetration testing", the inside of affirmation studies and IT surveys is too dependably individual the IT perform circumstances as to its closeness, execution, execution, and so forth. They are not by any develop of the imaginativeness centred at finding unstable variables. Incredible example, a Penetration test" does rot advertising whether in the event of ranges inconspicuous components can be secured with a bleeding edge fortification; it in a broad sense examinations whether such purposes of investment can be used (Secure State, 2015). 5. Targets For a basic "Penetration test" that suits the client's destinations, the undeniable imperativeness of is arranged is key. In case goals can't be fulfilled or can't be gotten fittingly, the power will fast the client in the orchestrating level and propose alternative arrangements, for occasion, an IT evaluation or IT affirmation inspecting with associations (D.B. Cornish, 2003). Client culminations of the line that can be fulfilled by "Penetration testing" can be differentiated into four groupings: Redesigning security of mechanical fragments Seeing inadequacies Having IT security asserted by an outside outcast Updating security of association and specialists stage The impact of a "Penetration test" will be better than an illumination of current issues; ideally it will in like way prescribe particular choices for their cleaning. Underneath the four accentuation on social activities are said, with representations. 5.1. Updating imaginative system's security A couple of "Penetration tests" are asked for with the enthusiasm delivering supporting the affirmation of mechanical frameworks. The evaluations are limited to inventive frameworks, for case, blast allocating, servers, changes, and whatnot, with association and specialists perform circumstances not being doubtlessly analysed. One delineation is a "Penetration test" to particularly check whether unlawful third activities have the bind openness frameworks inside the connection's LAN from the web. Possible discover results or results are unnecessary start firewall system structure opportunities or flimsy adjustments of on the web assignments and working framework (Emsecure, 2015). In appraisal to the going hand in hand with three destinations, unmistakable confirmation is the ensured persuasion making the examination. Case in point, before joining two local networks, an affiliation transforming into a piece of, the new LAN can be part down to see whether it is possible to experience it from outside. In case this could be possible in the transmitting individual, move must be taken to secure the client interface before the sustaining, or the two fragments won't be united at all. A "Penetration test" can other than be regulated to protected clarification from a different external surface area pariah. It is earnest that a "Penetration test" essentially ever uncovers the conditions at a particular time and can't in this way make brightening about the interval of decree that are sensible to benefits later on. Client information in a web store or other on the web framework. 5.2. Security overhaul of associations and individuals Differentiated from researching the creative perform circumstances, a "Penetration test" can in like way individual the association and accomplices association spots, to watch stunning techniques, for occurrence, with the opportunity and forcefulness of the evaluations being upgraded segregated. Open inventive progression strategies, for occurrence, asking security passwords through phone, can be associated with assess the between time of imperative security thought and the power of documentation suggestions and customer assertions (Baumrind, 1985). 6. Conclusion As the game plans used by prospective aggressors successfully become more creative and new defects in existing wanders and IT frameworks are revealed truly much robust, one individual "Penetration test" can't give a divulgence about the interval of security of the separated strategies that will be legitimate for the broad run. In unprecedented circumstances, a various security stipulation may propose that an able strike could happen not broad after a Penetration test" has been performed. Regardless, this not the scarcest bit accumulates that Penetration tests" are lacking. Sweeping "Penetration testing" is no affirmation that a fit strike won't happen, obviously it does for the most part reduce the shot of a common sense attack. As a postponed outcome of the speedy measure of changes in IT, the effect of a "Penetration test" is short-compass stayed. The more dependably Penetration testing" is with a particular completed motivation to decreasing the likelihood of an enormous ambush to a level that is suitable for the affiliation. "Penetration test" can't elective the routine framework security exams. It is not similarly a decision for a customary understanding of confirmation, and so on. An acknowledgement or inconspicuous components move down acknowledged, extraordinary representation, must be dismembered sensibly and enough in exceptional methods. A "Penetration test" components saw evaluation frameworks and studies the new dangers. The delicate individual purposes of investment obtained in the midst of "penetration testing", for instance, security passwords or individual messages should not be incorporated in an authoritative review for unobtrusive components security reasons; they should be gone to a specific individual, e.g. the purposes of investment security give. Regardless, the buyer must have the ability to screen the explorer happens unmistakably, and all purposes of investment accumulated in the diverse stages must be incorporated, at scarcest as a file to the working chronicles. This contains, fo r example, purposes of enthusiasm on the benefits used, perform exercises, log data records, perform times, et cetera. The master needs to discard any item, for instance, remote checking programming, that may have been set up in the client's IT program over the compass of the transmission examine or whatever different assortments made to the client's IT techniques, and recover the framework to the state in which the expert found it before examining. References Allsopp, W. (2009). Unauthorised Access: Physical Penetration Testing For IT Security Teams. In W. Allsopp, Planning your physical penetration test (pp. 11-28). USA: Wiley. Barrett, N. (2003). Penetration testing and social engineering hacking the weakest link. Information Security Technical Report, 56-64. Baumrind, D. (1985). Research using intentional deception. Ethical issues revisited. The American psychologist, 165-174. Clone Systems. (2015, January). Penetration Testing Service. Retrieved from clone-systems.com: https://www.clone-systems.com/penetration-testing.html B. Cornish, R. C. (2003). Opportunities, precipitators and criminal decisions: A reply to Wortleys critique of situational crime prevention. Crime Prevention Studies, 4196. (2015). Penetration Testing. Retrieved from emsecure.wordpress.com: https://emsecure.wordpress.com/penetration-testing/ Finn, P. (1995). Research Ethics: Cases and Materials. In P. Finn, The ethics of deception in research (pp. 87118). Indiana: Indiana University Press. Greenlees, C. (2009). An intruders tale-[it security]. Engineering Technology, 55-57. Finn, M. J. (2007). Designing ethical phishing experiments. Technology and Society Magazine, IEEE, 4658. Willison, M. S. (2009). Overcoming the insider: reducing employee computer crime through situational crime prevention. Communications of the ACM, 133-137. Random Storm. (2015). Penetration Testing Services. Retrieved from randomstorm.com: https://www.randomstorm.com/services/penetration-testing/ Turpe, J. E. (2009). Testing production systems safely: Common precautions in penetration testing. Testing: Academic and Industrial Conference (pp. 205209). USA: IEEE Computer Society. Secure State. (2015). Physical Attack Penetration. Retrieved from securestate.com: https://www.securestate.com/Services/Profiling/Pages/Physical-Attack-and-Penetration.aspx Soghoian, C. (2008). Legal risks for phishing researchers. eCrime Researchers Summit, 111.

ACT English Questions, Reporting Categories, and Content

ACT English Questions, Reporting Categories, and Content ACT English Intro Shakespeare, you’re not (even if you do look good in those Elizabethan tights). That does not mean you can’t score well on the ACT English test. Trust me on this. Most of what you will encounter on the ACT English section of the exam is stuff you have done a million times in school. Sure, the format is different - you can get really tripped up on the paragraph spacing if you are not careful - but the content should be fairly easy for those of you who didnt fail out of all of your English and Language Arts classes. Read below for all of the ACT English Basics. And when you’re done getting the lay of the land, read through the ACT English strategies to help yourself before you test! ACT English Basics If you’ve read ACT 101, you know the following goodies about the ACT English section: 5 passages of text75 multiple-choice questions (fifteen per passage)45 minutesApproximately 30 seconds per question ACT English Scoring Just like the other multiple choice  sections, the ACT English section can earn you between 1 and 36 points. This score will be averaged with the scores from the other multiple-choice sections (Math, Science Reasoning and Reading) to get you your Composite ACT score. Youll also get your raw scores based on reporting categories that were introduced in 2016. Here, youll see how many questions you answered correctly in the  Production of Writing,  Knowledge of Language, and  Conventions of Standard English. They do not in any way affect your section or composite ACT score. Rather, they give you an indication of where you can improve if you should take the again. The English score is also tabulated with the Reading and Writing section scores to give you an ELA (English Language Arts) score. Like the   The average ACT English score is about a 21, but you’ll have to do much better than that if you’d like to hit up a top university for admissions acceptance – more like between a 30 and 34. ACT English Test Content As I stated previously, youll have three reporting categories scattered throughout the ACT exam. You will not see Production of Writing, Knowledge of Language, or Conventions of Standard English sections - that would be too easy! Rather, youll encounter these types of questions as you work through all five passages. Production of Writing (approximately 22 - 24 questions) Topic Development:  Identify the authors purpose Identify whether a portion of text has met its goalEvaluate materials relevance in terms of the texts focusOrganization, Unity and Cohesion:Use strategies to create logical organizationUse strategies to ensure a smooth flowEnsure effective introductions and conclusions Knowledge of Language (approximately 10 - 14 questions) Ensuring concision and precision in word choiceMaintain consistent styleMaintain consistent tone Conventions of Standard English (approximately 38 - 42 questions) Sentence Structure and Formation:  Ã‚  Identify misplaced modifiers (adjectives, adverbs, etc.) Fix run-ons, fragments and comma splice sentencesResolve problems with improper clause usage Correct  parallel structure.  Punctuation Resolve improper usage of  commas, apostrophes, colons, semicolons,  quotation marks, etc.Improve the text with various punctuationUsageRecognize common problems with standard English usage.Revise common problems to improve the writing.      ACT English Test Practice There it is – the ACT English section in brief. Think you can pass this bad boy? If not, then you have some major preparation in front of you. The English section is not easy by any stretch. Sure, its stuff youve learned in high school, but it is also incredibly challenging if you havent really had very much grammar or punctuation practice in a while. If you want to get ready, try starting with the best ways to study for the ACT. Then, move on to the ACT English practice questions. Once youve mastered that, you can read  through these ACT English Strategies so you are doubly prepared!

The Change of my Smoking Behavior

The Change of my Smoking Behavior Human beings develop behavior in the process of socialization; sometimes what begins as a habit ends up in being an anti-social behavior and/or addiction. Some antisocial behaviors that are developed from socialization and peer pressure include smoking, alcoholism, and substance abuse. I was born and brought up in a God fearing family, where my parents were strict to instill discipline and good behavior in their children.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Change of my Smoking Behavior specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However , when adolescent, I was influences by my high school peers and began smoking despite it was unacceptable in my family. In the first months I ensured that none of my family member knew my new behavior as it would have caused havoc in my life. After two years of smoking, I had become an addict; although I hated my behavior, I never got the courage to stop it. This paper illustrates a personal qu itting smoking strategy that I have adopted during the last month. I was introduced to smoking by my friend when was in my level two secondary school, previously I had observed people in my neighborhood smoking and I always condemned them. My first cigarette smoking occasion happened at a party with my friends who were smokers, as they shared around of smoke ( â€Å"a round of smoke according to the friends was sharing one cigarette as a group†), I was booed when I was about to let the smoke past me. With the booing, I felt as if I might not be accepted by the peers again, thus I smoked for the first time. As time went by and we continued to engage in social activities with the smoking friends, I became used to the act to a point I would buy the cigarettes and give them. By the time I was finishing my secondary diploma, I was a chain smoker and never feared who saw me smoking. I have been arrested for smoking in public/forbidden places three times. When smoking, someone feels a change in his mind; nicotine has the ability to get into the brain and create a pleasant feeling to the smoker. When faced with a challenging situation, smokers opt to have a sip then decide on the way forward; this shows that someone has already become controlled by the substance.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When under the influence of something, the nature of human beings is that they can hardly make sound decisions. Thus, smokers make substandard decisions; this is the risk for health associated with smoking. Smokers are at high risk of contracting lung cancer and other related diseases. It is through wide research and appreciation of the negative effects of smoking on my health, social life, and economic status that I have decided to quit smoking. From the research I have undertaken, I have realized it might be challenging to stop the behavior at once but q uite possible with some consistent actions and if I have the will. To change behavior is not an easy task, it involve a lot of commitment, prayers, hard-work, and consistency. The first step that I have undertaken was to accept that smoking is an antisocial behavior that I could change; to change the behavior I first got into books, literature, and the internet materials that discussed various attributes of smoking. For instance, there are numerous materials and confessions that people have posted on the internet regarding how they managed to quit smoking. From the wide literature, it has come clear that quitting smoking would be gradual and involve a lot of commitment. With the realization, I analyzed the situation, times, and occasions that I smoke; although I am an addict, there are places that I realized I must smoke when in them. For instance, when in a party or in a club, I can hardly control myself, I find myself smoking. The next step is to understand the kind of friends tha t I maintain, smoking friends are likely to have an easy solution to my thirst, they are likely to share me their cigarettes and the behavior continues. With the realization of the friends, I seek to observe their behavior in terms of, when do they smoke, where are they likely t smoke, among others. With the above understanding of my social class and peer friends, I was able to create a plan to avoid them in the instances that they were smoking.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Change of my Smoking Behavior specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To start with, I noted that I had to smoke in the morning, I smoked when resting in the bed after a long sleep. With the new efforts to change the behavior, I always ensure that when I have woken up, I don’t stay idle in the bed, I get out of the bed fast and go to my gym. After the gym, I ensure that I have breakfast with my family so that a thought about smoking does n ot get into my mind. When heading to college, I ensure that I don’t get in touch with my smoking friends; mostly I switch off my phone to avoid them calling me for a meeting; I have ensured that my days are packed with activities. During the day when I have free time, for example in break time, I get into the nearest library or a no smoking zone, when in the place, I cannot see a cigarette being sold and neither can I find someone smoking that I can get the urge to smoke. In the event from a distance smell a smoker, I change my route to avoid meeting with him. With the efforts, I found myself reducing the number of cigarette smokes from twenty to two within duration of one month. The two smokes that I was taking were when I was getting severe head ache which I interpolated and it was caused by lack of nicotine in the brains. I am looking forward to change the behavior completely during the next month.. Smoking is an addictive behavior that has been described as one of the cha llenging behaviors to quit. From the experience that I have gotten during that one month of practicing quitting smoking, I noted numerous benefits to my health, social environment, and economic status. When talking to people I do not mind that my mouth is stinking of cigarettes. I talk confident and my self esteem has boosted. I have realized that smoking had a negative effect on my teeth, currently, my teeth becoming whiter and they feel stronger. Although changing the habit has been challenging, I have decided to stand with my decision and make sure I remain accountable for every action that I undertake. The major challenge is how to avoid my smoking friends or how to make them appreciate and support me in my decision. When in social occasions, it has become a challenge coping with my smoking friends as they expect me to be smoking.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Cigarettes adverts are also a challenge I have to fight; they seem to know how to persuade and create the urge to smoke. Marketing and advertisements are crucial parts in selling of a company’s products; it creates awareness and are used as a tool to enlarge a company’s market base; thus cigarette manufacturing companies have created adverts that are really challenging. In the tobacco sector, different people have their own tastes that they seem to be loyal and persuading a customer to shift to ones products needs a lot of energy and use of resources. On the other hand, it is more ethical to persuade customers leave their smoking behavior instead of persuading them to change brands. The main challenge that I have faced in my efforts to quit smoking is the effect of addiction; there are times that I feel restless and suffer severe headache. When restless or having the headaches, I can hardly avoid smoking. My smoking friends are another challenge that I have to cope wit h, they have continued to discourage me; they mock me around and keep telling me it’s for a period then join them. Changing one’s behavior is a challenging task; it calls for commitment, sacrifice, consistence, accountability, and having the will to change. Smoking is an addictive behavior that has been described as one of the challenging behaviors to quit. I have decided to change the behavior within a period of two months; I believe it will be possible with a self-drive and discipline.

Exit letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Exit letter - Essay Example Surprisingly, I enjoy writing now and I feel more equipped to rise to the challenge of writing more reports in the military standard and with the proper use of the language, too. Before, for prewriting, I would go straight to researching any books given to me on the topic or surfing the Internet. Now, I know that should set my purpose for writing first, whether to show comparison and contrast, or cause and effect; identify my reader; limit my topic; draft a thesis statement that has the topic and controlling idea; brainstorm ideas and information to support the thesis statement; and that it is only when I draw a preliminary outline or map that organizes the main ideas logically. After doing prewriting, that's only when I go to drafting. It's when I put my ideas into sentences and concentrate on elaborating on and supporting my ideas. This only when I start to connect my ideas to each other. I also don't have to pay much attention to spelling and grammar at this stage. I just have to focus on writing what I know about the topic. I am basically writing for myself here-more of just seeing my thoughts unfold. I have read before that the real art of writing starts with rewriting or revising. Now, I think that it's true.

Management Accounting Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Management Accounting Report - Essay Example Therefore, while running a business, the management has to focus both on overcoming the current economic hurdles as presented by the existing business environment, as well as focusing on how the anticipated future challenges can be overcome. One of the most vital tools for enhancing business survival in a challenging and competitive business environment is enhanced marketing/outreach efforts (Hoque, 2005 p472). This strategy ensures that a business keep reaching new customers and markets, while ensuring that it still keeps the current market base well informed on its product or service range. Promotion and advertising are strategies that helps a business to remain relevant and competitive, considering that the more the number of people who knows about the existence of the business and its products, the higher the chances of such a business getting more customers. Considering that enhanced marketing/outreach efforts covers both the existing and the prospective clients, a business that advertises and promotes its products is better placed to overcome competition, than a business that does not make any efforts to make more people know about its existence and its offerings (Cullen, et al., 2013, p12). Therefore, in order for organizations to increase both customer and organizational value, enhanced marketing/outreach efforts, aimed at both the current customer base and the potential customer zones, in essential. Knowing and focusing on business Niche Competition in the business environment serves to disorient many business organizations, leaving most of them unsettled on the products or services they would actually offer, or the main client base they are targeting to serve. This is because, the business try to evade the competition by shifting to a different market or product/service offering, where they feel that they may not be faced by stiff competition (Matt, Chenhall, & Euske, 2007 p17). However, considering that the business environment is very dynamic; they end up being faced by the same competitive challenges, thus disorienting the business even further. However, when a business focuses on knowing and serving its niche market, it will understand fully the needs of the customers, and thus tailor-make its products or services to match the specific needs of the niche market (Cullen, et al., 2013, p7). This way, the business is able to cultivate customer loyalty and goodwill, which in turn enhances the repeat purchase from the customers, and thus helps the business to overcome the forces of competition that could face the business (Kloot, 1997 p47). Development of supplier/vendor retention and recruitment programs While the customer is the most important focus for any business organization, the suppliers and the vendors play a very pivotal role in enhancing the success of a business (Matt, Chenhall, & Euske, 2007 p21). The competition in the modern world is not only for the markets and customers, it is also about the sources of cheap and efficient raw materials for a business, and also about a smooth channel of distribution, since all these aspects plays a vital role in enhancing the success of a business, while determining how effective such a business is in the market. Therefore, through

About the history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

About the history - Essay Example This period lasted from the Alexander Severus’ death to the reign of Diocletian. During this period, the Empire witnessed rapid changes of emperors. Despite the turbulent times that the empire went through, it succeeded in sustaining itself. However, this crisis precipitated the splitting of the empire into two divides, one comprising of the Eastern Empire while the other comprised of the Western Empire. The splitting of the empire into the eastern and western empires can be regarded as one of the internal factors, which contributed to the dissolution of the Roman Empire (Gibbon, Lentin & Norman, 1998). Another internal factor that contributed to the dissolution of the Roman Empire included the antagonism between the emperor and the senate. The emperor had the power to make decisions with regard to issues related to religion, civil affairs, and the military affairs of the Empire. The Senate acted as the advisory body to the Emperor. As a result of the powers accorded to his office, the emperor became. This led to numerous disagreements between the emperors and the senators, thus leading to the dissolution of the Empire (Gibbon, Lentin & Norman, 1998). Another internal factor that contributed to the dissolution of the Roman Empire included the decline in morals within the empire. The rich upper class, the emperor, and the nobility became immoral, and this had a negative impact on the empire. Some of the immoral behaviors that characterized the empire included sexual immorality, which entailed orgies and adultery. The immoral behaviors of the empire also encompassed the keeping of young boys for the purposes of pleasure by Emperor Tiberius (Gibbon, Lentin & Norman, 1998). Other internal factors that can be attributed to the dissolution of the Roman Empire included forced prostitution, which used to be common in brothels. The masses got angered by such acts and expressed their bitterness towards the empire. This had a

The Movie The Whale Rider History Essay

The Movie The Whale Rider History Essay Whale rider is a 2002 drama film directed by Niki Caro, based on the novel of the same name by Witi Ihimaera.the film stars Keisha castle-Hughes as kahu piakea apirana,a 12years old Maori girl who wants to become the chief of the tribe. Her grandfather koro believes that this is a role reserved for males only. The film was a coproduction between New Zealand and germany.it was shot whangara, the setting of the novel. Leader chosen as piakea and koro. Koro was an autocratic leader it is also known as authoritarian leader this is used in situations where control is necessary or when circumstances are dangerous, Many times, the subordinate staff is inexperienced or unfamiliar with the type of work and heavy oversight is necessary. Rigid organizations often use this style. It has been known to be very paternalistic, and in highly-professional, independent minded teams, it can lead to resentment and strained morale. Piakea had charismatic leadership style were as koro had a information leadership style I would choose piakea as a good leader; Piakea was really interested in her leadership and culture. She also had positive cultural identity like grandfather. She was sure that she can do better anything than other young boys, such as when learning traditional songs and dance, but she always obeyed when Koro order her to stop it or to leave it. She also respected her grandfather as a Mori leader. Piakea always pursued to grandfathers love and recognition from him but less encouraged by him. The effectiveness Koro is blinded by prejudice and even Flowers cannot convince him that Piakea is the natural heir. The old Chief is convinced that the tribe misfortune began at Paikeas birth and calls for his people to bring their twelve-year-old boys to him for training. He is sure that through a grueling course of action of ideas the ancient chants, tribal lore and warrior techniques, the upcoming leader of their tribe will be revealed to him. Meanwhile, deep within the ocean, a massive school of whales is responding to Paikeas calls. When the whales happen to stranded on the beach, Koro is sure this signal an apocalyptic end to his tribe in anticipation of one person prepare to make the final sacrifice to save the community the Whale Rider. Piakea has to fight to get identification as a girl with potential to lead in an surroundings where me are the ones who grow to be the leaders. She goes to bizarre lengths to show how much she loves her grandfather and how much she wants him to be successful as a Chief. Quote 🙠 Maori women have got to stop smoking; weve got to protect our childbearing properties.)She was showing her qualities as a leader or thinking as a leader that it wasnt right and its when her grandfather tried to start the boats engine and he couldnt but piakea started the boats engine Type of power koro holds legitimate leadership power were  in leadership is the power that a director gets by fail to pay due to his position in an organization; a leader essentially is distinguished from a follower due to the better rights and liability he has than others i.e. extra rights that justifiable power bestows and distinguishes him from group it is a kind of power which comes from the authority of your rate and position in the chain of command.. Koro is a kind of chief who follows and obeys his traditional rules he doesnt abuse his powers even if its his own son or granddaughter Pai holds referent power: an individual over the Team or Followers, based on a high level of identification with, admiration of, or respect for the power holder/ leader. Nationalism, patriotism, celebrities, mass leaders and widely-respected people are examples of referent power in effect Type of organization, level of seniority and its effects This leadership position in the whale rider is a part of the Ngati konochi, residents of the small fishing village of Whangara New Zealand (where they filmed the movie in reality). A Ngati is a Maori tribe Ngati Porou and is a traditional Maori kiwi located in regions east of Cape and Gisborne in the North Island of New zealand.paikea, the Whale Rider, is said to be an ancestor of these people. As pais grand father koro is very strict village chief the patrimonial leader same reflects back 2 paikea the tribes progenitor with the Maori legend which tells of a great man, Paikea, who came to a land ages ago riding on the back of a whale. The legend prophesizes that another whale rider will be born to lead the Maori people. Koro as a chief of the Maori village has the ultimate level of seniority and believes in the patrimonial line as his responsible for his traditional tribe .i.e. koro beliefs pai as a girl cannot become a leader .transactional leadership is also found in this movie because koros aim is to find a great leadership position for his tribal society. As shown in the movie pai was blamed for her brothers death, she was seen as the harbinger of bad fortune by koro her grandfather but piakea always focuses to be a good leader .paikeas main aim was to be success as a good leader and provide leadership based on her traditional principals ie the whale riding, learning the taiaha, language, chanting, traditional dance etc Individual culture and effects The both characters piakea and koro as stated above are true followers of their tradition and (Maori) culture .its their culture which binds each of them to be a good leader that they were in the movie Other leadership concepts and ideologies that you were able to identify in the whale rider: I would say this movie simply showed the traits theory to a large point of view .paikea who was born to be a leader and she was successful to become a leader by displaying her quality as a great chief .she proved her grandfather koro that she could become a good leader even if she is a girl, where as koro believed that a girl cannot be a chief. As mentioned above koro was an autocratic leader at most times because of his culture and traditional which was in danger, he was also concern about his people as a chief At the end of this movie koro accepts piakea and addresses her as a great wise leader. the unfinished waka was finished and launched at the end of this movie . LOTR: Fellowship of the ring Introduction This movie is directed by peter Jackson base on the first volume of J.R.R.Tolkiens the lord of the rings(1954-1955).it was follow by the two towers (2002) .set in middle-earth, the story tells of the dark lord sauron,who is looking for the one ring . Gandalf, an old wizard, deliver a ring to a hobbit named frodo.frodo is tasked with destroy the ring ,as it has the power to corrupt and bring on the destruction of peace in center earth. a group of heroes form a companionship to help frodo reach mordor so he can complete his task ,but along the way they are pursued by the minion of the rings destroyer .the fellowship was seprated,and a number of members were lost ,send-off frodo and his friend samwise to go on with alone while the remain members of the fellowship reform. Leader Aragon is the child of arathorn is a fictional character since J.R.R Tolkeins .he was one of the hero on lord of the rings .arogan was a ranger of the north, . He was eventually discovered to be the heir of  Isildur  and rightful claimant to the thrones of  Arnor  and  Gondor. He was also a confidant ofGandalf  and an integral part of the quest to destroy the  One Ring  and defeat the Dark Lord  Sauron He led the  Fellowship of the Ring  following the loss of Gandalf in the Mines of  Moria. after the Fellowship was broken, he track the hobbits  Merryand  Pippin  with the help of  Legolas  and  Gimli  to  Fangorn Forest  and fought in the battle at  Helms Deep  and the  Battle of the Pelennor Fields. After defeat Saurons armed forces in Gondor he led an army of Gondor and  Rohan  next to the Black Gate of  Mordor. At the end of the lord of the rings  Ã‚  he was crowned  king Elessar Telcontar  of Gondor. He married  Elronds daughter  Arwen, and assumed the Sceptre of Annà ºminas as King of Arnor, uniting the two kingdoms for the first time since the reign of Isildur. Aragon had charismatic leadership style he was a self motivated person and also motivating others as a hero it simply relates to the great man theory ,he was born as a leader reflecting his belief that heroes shape history through both their personal attributes and divine inspiration EFFECTIVENESS The two leaders as chosen both were effective leaders. Gandalf the greatest spirit and the wisest and gave him the elven  Ring of power  calledNarya, the Ring of Fire, containing a red stone for his aid and comfort. Tolkien explicitly links Gandalf to the element  Fire  later in the same essay.he got effectiveness poer wee everyone has to listen to him.Gandalf was sent the length of with the other Istari to help the people of Middle Earth in their struggle against the dark power of Sauron. He travelled extensively in the Western lands of center world and became known by many names, though he never settled in one location. Most of his time was spent among the more humble people of Middle Earth and by many he was regarded highly for his wisdom. Gandalf had legimate power .this is the kind of power were all contain to follow his way of rights Gandalf, have been the single one attitude a Ring of Power, the Ring of Fire.he may do a little pyro work. He use this and further of his powers.. Starting a fire in the snow storm on the mountain, setting the hilltop ablaze when they were attacked by Wargs, keeping a light glowing through Moria, using his power against the Balrog. Aragorn served his lords during that time under the name  Thorongil  (Eagle of the Star). With a small squadron of Gondorian ships, he led an physical attack on  Umbar  in 2980, on fire many of the Corsairs ships and personally slaying their lord through the Battle of the Havens. After the success at Umbar, Thorongil left the field, to the dismay of his men, and went East.   Aragorn undertake great journeys, serving in the armies of King  Thengel and of Steward  Ecthelion II  of Gondor . His tasks helped to raise morale in the West and to counter the growing threat of Sauron and his allies. Aragorn, also known as walker, is a descendant of the individual king who was also weak to devastate the Ring of Power when it came into his hand. raise by the Elf King Elrond in Rivendell later than the death of his parents, Aragorn learns as an grown-up that he is heir to the throne of Gondor. He also learns with the aim of he loves Elronds daughter Arwen. Aragorn joins the Fello wship of the Ring but, after Frodo in secret leaves the Fellowship to continue the unsafe journey without the accountability for the lives of his friends, Aragorn leads the others after Merry and Pippin, who have been capture by the sin Orcs. Types of organization,level of seniority and its effects The movie lord of the rings (fellowship of the ring),this was about destroying the powerful ring .it was made up of nine members who had started their journey to mordor to destroy the rings in the fires of mount doom where the ring was forged.gandalf was chooen and accepted as the main leader to lead them and then Aragorn had to lead the members for the journey when Gandalf sacrifices his life Gandalf was a very effective leader every one followed him whether any one agreed or not .he was also senior and respected person of all the people.the leadership grid created by by blake and mouton:its a two dimensional leadership model that describes major role .gandalf was taking care of his follows . .aragorn was born leader but he never used his power as a leader ,he was also the only king in the follow ship .he was rose to take a mantle of leadership when situation arose.according to the great man theory one having inherited the capacity of leadership Individual culture and effects The two leaders played a very important part in culture and traditional they both were leaders .aragorn was a leader but lives secretly in Rivendell as a ranger after his fathers death .it was effective because he knew how to lead others as a leader Gandalf was a wizard in the istari he was nt allowed to misuse the powers he got .in their organisaton they were only allowed to advise others if they are on the right direction .both Aragorn and Gandalf were trying to save and follow the task they had given In good company Introduction In Good Company  is a 2004 American comedy film written and directed by  Paul Weitz, and starring  Dennis Quaid,  Topher Grace, and  Scarlett Johansson.  The film is about a middle-aged publicity executive whose business is bought out by a huge international company leaving him with a new boss who is just about half his age. His life his more complicated when his boss takes a loving interest in his daughter. The film was a important and economic success, getting mostly helpful reviews Leader the two characters I would choose as leader from this movie are Dan and Carter.dan was working as a marketing chief before the new administration (after the take over )he decided that he could be a dinosaur .carter Duryea,on the other hand ,is the new chief of the marketing and at just 26 years of age whereas dans age of 50. Leadership style Dans leadership style can be called as contingency theory ,this theory simply means there is no single leader ,according to the theory there is no leader ship style which best describes in the situation .the leaders effectiveness depends on how well the leadership style is and how it cn fit the context . In the fred fiedlers this kind of model contains the relationship between the favorableness of a situation such as :the leader -member relationship ,how well the task is structured and the leaders position power obtained through formal authority. Dan foreman was highly respected and accepted by his co workers .he knew his job very well as a (chief of marketing ) After the take over at sports America he was displaced by a 26 year guy named carter Duryea,u got the job just because he had qualifications bt no experience he can be seen as transformational leader because he was successful leadership style .transformational leaders focus on the base level of the hierarchy .duryea was an extrinsic motivator who brings minimal compliance from his followers Effectiveness Foreman was a effective leader people was always listering to him because he was trusthworthy ,honest ,charisma ,reliability ,building relationships and givin respet to others .on the other hand Duryea wasnt a effective at leadership because he didnt hav much experience,he was more follower than a leader first his bosses then foreman . Type of power Dan hold charisma power ,which means he had plenty qualities that make him capable of inspiring a large number of people .foreman was a very effective leader and when he speaks people listern 2 him and follow his opinion .he used his power to motivate his co workers and lead them the right things even though he lost his position but people did respect him Carter Duryea has legitimate power .this power is described as a person who holds the position and hav the authority to rule his team as he didnt have experience the last thing he did was selling mobile phones to kids and this gave him a position as chief marketing Type of organization ,level seniority and it effects The both leaders worked at sports America ,a magazine targeted to sports fans.carter Duryea has the highest level of seniority based on his position in the department .the effect of this legitimate power means everyone has to listen him Whereby dan foreman didnt have any legitimate auothority after some one took his place .even though his colleagues remains silent and listens to him Individual culture and its effects Dan foreman came from the old school of thought about life this illustrates by foremans married life and his kids ,the life style at home and his successful career in the movie .he was some one who believed in trusthworthy ,honesty and etc Duryea on the other hand comes from todays young generation the one who believes in going for what you want no matter what .this was illustrated by Duryeas failure as a family man and husband.

Social Justice is NOT Achieved by Income Redistribution Essay -- Globa

The term â€Å"social justice† has existed since the 1840s and has continued to transform over the years. â€Å"Global justice† is simply another in a long line of interchangeable prefixes such as â€Å"national justice†, â€Å"economic justice† etc that precede the word justice. A plethora of policies are advocated under the name of â€Å"global justice†. This paper will consider the more popular proposal of income redistribution and consider its intellectual foundation and how it relates to justice, as well as its real world implications. The most apparent and theoretically, the most easily overcome obstacle inherent in this idea is the very definition of the term â€Å"social justice†. As the years go by the term grows to encompass an ever increasing number of issues. It can mean anything from income redistribution to AIDS prevention. For some contemporary examples, the student activist group Global Justice1 has no definition of the term it so prominently uses as its name yet states that its purpose deals with â€Å"AIDS, trade and child survival†. Nowhere does the organization attempt to explain why their particular stand on those particular issues has anything to do with â€Å"global justice†. USC professor Robin D.G. Kelley is the executive editor of the â€Å"Social Justice Wiki†2. The stated objective of the online encyclopedia is to document various activist groups and movements3. Any attempt to discern any further insight of the term 'social justice' from the very encyclopedia dedi cated to its name will result in failure as there is no indication as to why those specific groups fall under the banner of social justice and other groups do not, except for purely subjective and arbitrary guidelines4. The pervasiveness and the emptiness of the term speak volumes ab... ...e on â€Å"society†, but rather we have a clear case of who is being unjust to whom. The incredible irony of this situation would be that this legitimate and justifiable form of 'global justice' (in which case the guilty parties were unjust in their individual conduct and are clearly identified) would usually be invoked in order to counter policies enacted precisely under the justification of â€Å"social justice†. Perhaps â€Å"social justice† activists can redeem themselves of this past error, but only if they begin advocating against the injustice of trade barriers and immigration restrictions; for that is the only valid application of â€Å"justice on a global scale†. Any other justification for income redistribution leads to innocent individuals who justly acquired their material wealth, unjustly forced to pay compensation for the suffering of others they had no part in promoting.

Anatomy of the Bean Seed

The Anatomy of a Bean Seed Subject Area: Plant Science Unit Title: Parts of Plants – Seeds Grade Level: 4th & 5th Objectives: To create an understanding of the deferent parts of a seed and their functions. Colorado Content Standards to be covered: science Standard I – Students understand the processes of scientific investigation and design, conduct, communicate about, and evaluate such Investigations. Standard Ill Life science: students know and understand the characteristics and structure of living things, the processes of life, and how living things interact with ACH other and their environment.Anticipatory Set: using a concept map on the board (or photocopy attached) ask students to name types of seeds they are familiar with or eat. Possibilities Include: lima beans, peas, green beans, sunflower seeds, black-eyed peas, and pinto beans. Materials: Dried lima beans, paper plates, water, magnifying glasses Input: Make copies of attached bean seed diagrams and go over th e following parts and definitions: Key Vocabulary: 1 . Micromole – the small pore in a seed that that allows water absorption 2. Helium – he scar on a seed coat at the location where It was attached to the plant's stalk during development 3. Deed coat (tests) the outer, protective skin covering the seed 4. Embryo – developing plant still inside the seed 5. Cotyledon – part of the seed that contains stored food used for initial growth 6. Dicotyledonous – (or idiotic for short) seed with two cotyledons Checking for understanding: At the end of this section, choose one of the following for a quick check: ask the students to partner share and think, pair and share, do a quick 3 word 1 OFF down to check for understanding. Determine the level of mastery for each student and provide individual remediation as needed.Prep: On the day before starting the experiment, soak dried lima beans in water. They will absorb some of the water and get a soft outside cov ering (seed coat). Procedures/Activities: examining a Bean Seed 1. Give each student a lima bean on a paper plate. Identify the seed coat. 2. Carefully rub the seed between your thumb and fingers. The seed coat will crack and slip off the seed easily. 3. Identify the cotyledon. This is the large oval part of the seed containing the food he seed needs before it can get nutrients from the soil and water. . The bean seed has a slit going down the middle of the seed. Split it open into 2 halves. Inside is a tiny plant called an embryo. A bean seed has two parts. Therefore, it is a Dicotyledonous, or idiotic for short. 5. Observe the bean parts using a magnifying glass.

deforestation mt. everest essays

deforestation mt. everest essays When examining the effects tourism has on the environment, Mount Everest never comes to mind as high tourist attraction. However, in the last fifty years since Sir Edmund Hillary visited the region in 1953, mountaineering and trekking expeditions have been increasing in the region. With this increase in tourism comes a need for timber and timber related products. Stan Stevens, in this article, tries to determine the causes of degradation and forest thinning in the Sherpa-inhabited Mt Everest region of Nepal. The Sherpas are the local people of the region and have inhabited this area since roughly the 1500s. Although the area around Mt Everest has been a national park in Nepal since 1976, the Sherpas are completely dependant on the land in the area for survival, and thus have had to coexist with the sanctions places upon the region. The paper examines how tourism has placed new pressures on the forests and vegetation regions in the area, and the effect the Sherpas have had on these forests with the creation of inns in the area. The Sherpas using timber from the local forests around Mt Everest built these inns, which are used for the expeditions to the mountains. The increase in tourism has brought about a great deal of prosperity to the Sherpa people, but at the same time the prosperity has come at a cost to the environment. The inns built by the Sherpas have increased the felling of trees. As a result of the increase in tourism, an increase in the need for firewood has also occurred. The increase in tourism has created a need for up to 2000 tons of woods per year by the inns. In 1976, the creation of inhabited protected area, Sagarmatha (Mt Everest) National Park, has caused the Sherpas to obtain timber from nearby Pharak forest, which has caused these forests to also begin to thin out. Root causes of the forest degradation and thinning of the forest can be traced to two major factors, economic gain and convenience. ...

A Childs Promise.

A Childs Promise. This Friday night seemed just like any other with Mom and I lounging on the sofa watching the Grand Ole Opry. I could feel the joy that the Opry brought to my mom just by the look in her eyes as she watched, listened, and sometimes sang. Well she hummed more than she sang but that was my mom's way of singing. As we watched her eyes would glow. Sometimes I would see a sparkle. As I watched her I knew what I had to do. I hugged my mom and said "Mother, when I'm all grown up I'm going to take you there". Mom hugged me in return and said, "I'm sure that you will".As I started dinner, I turned the radio on and to my surprise the station was doing a special on The Grand Ole Opry. This brought my childhood memories roaring back. The Grand Ole Opry played on the radio in the kitchen every evening as Mom cooked dinner.English: Grand Ole Opry House, in Nashville, TN. T...She would hum and I would ask her to dance (as I had seen my father do). She would accept, especially if it were a slow song . Mom said that when it came to fast dancing she was afraid that she would break something and that with nine children she needed every thing she had to keep up with us. We would dance and at the end I would bow and say "thank you madam", she would courtesy and off I would go. Then I remembered the promise that I had made to her so many years before. I had a plan.The following morning at work I put in for a week of vacation. Next came the wait for the approval. One day turned into the next, the next into the following. I...

Writing An Academic paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Writing An Academic paper - Essay Example Magill v Magill is a recent legal case. Therefore, my research efforts would be targeted towards websites where I could read the case and the judgments that were tendered, as well as articles in law reviews dealing with the implications of the case. I would also refer to text books that contain materials on the general subject matter of the case, in this case paternity and tort. In the case of a book debt, I would first read financial websites and articles to gain an understanding of the subject and then look into legal websites to find articles dealing with the subject matter and my notes drawn from these sources would form the basis for my arguments and conclusions. I would first of all research Magill v Magill(2006) on Google. This would provide me with an idea about the case itself. The link http://www.canadiancrc.com/Magill/ Magill_High_Court_Media_release_09NOV06.htm provides me information which lets me know that the case of Magill is an Australian case which deals with paternity fraud and the tort of deceit. The CCH website deals primarily with business law while the LBC website has materials primarily on housing law, therefore I would not look into these websites, where it is unlikely that information on torts could be found. However the Australian legal website is likely to be a good source for specific information about the Magill case, as also the Lexis Nexis and/or Westlaw websites. On the Lexis Nexis Academic website, I go to the Legal link. The search terms I enter are â€Å"Magill v Magill† while the sources I specify would be the International Law Reviews combined. However, this search also pulls up several articles on another Magill case which concern intellectual property. So I refine my search by entering Magill v Magill within quotes, and requiring that the word â€Å"tort† be found in the documents retrieved, in order

Adidas Company in Sports Industry Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Adidas Company in Sports Industry - Coursework Example To Adidas Company, putting too many efforts into the whole career thing and strict adhering to certain routines during life do not coincide with the overall expectations. Instead, the company is about passion and a belief that one should push own limits everywhere and all the times. It is sports as the foundation of everything that company does; it is about the redefining the benchmark for discovering and shaping the future; it is the fair play which creates the basis for company’s performance among similar businesses (Our expectations, 2015). All these considerations create the mission of Adidas Group as the company which strives to be the global leader in the provision of sports goods and the services of which are built on the passion for sports and a sporting lifestyle. Values of the company describe the desired culture, which are the promotion of sports as the foundation of all Adidas does, passion for constant moving, innovation and the improvement, the integrity approach based on such characteristics as honesty, openness, ethical and fair attitude toward others, and the understanding of the diversity of ideas, strengths and interests in building the company’s brands. At the same time, however, one should understand that vision and mission which are the visual part of the company’s strategy are different from the forces that embed innovation. According to (Dobni, 2010), innovation is premised on the market orientation, the creation of value and defining of the new opportunity space.

Uae Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Uae - Assignment Example A service industry comprises of various companies which basically earn income by providing intangible services and products. They are involved in transport, food services, retail, distribution and other service-dominated enterprises. At times, they are called tertiary sectors or service sectors. Strengths Economic strengths The steady oil prices in the country has boosted transport sector to highest levels. Most of the economy revenue comes from the oil industries. For the past few years, according to the country’s statistics, the world market has remained stable favoring service mobility. Transport industry has benefited most from this global market. As a result of this, non-oil sectors have been stimulated thus escalating the disposal revenue of the less performing segments of the entire population. Generally, the country produces up to 22 million barrels of crude oil for export daily. This boosts the country’s economy (Gorgenlnder, 2011). The country also has steady and convertible currency which is pegged to the US dollar with minimal foreign exchange controls. This facilitates easy movement of services from one part to the other. If the global financial crises arise, it has survival tactics to make it productive in the market. Furthermore, UAE has been known for very competitive labour costs and real estates. The country has experienced and readily available work force that provide cheap and quality labor. Most of the work is done by these locals thus low cost of productions. The country’s permissive policies and healthy balance of payments allow free trade movements within and without the country. This allows free flow of services/goods thus boosting the economy (Group, 2008). Geographical strengths The country is strategically located at the Middle East, with very easy contact to not only to Eastern and Middle Eastern markets, but also to South Asia, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia and other markets in the Asian countries. This impl ies that there are ready markets for the manufactured goods and services. Furthermore, the country has well established ports that can access to main sea routes. Most of the trading countries use these ports for exit and entry in transacting businesses. This has made the country to be seen as a pacesetter and a regional leader for development. Commercial strengths According to Gorgenlnder (2011) and Group (2008), the country has open trade zones favorable for business start-ups. Most of the enterprising people can easily nature their talents and explore market opportunities easily. Interestingly, the country has no corporate and personal taxation. Any business start-up has no personal/corporate intimidation in form of taxes. More often than not, most businesses fail due to high taxation and unfavorable work environment. This favor has been extended to other countries; there is no taxation for information exchange. Infrastructural strengths UAE has sophisticated and ultramodern banki ng sectors that provide various services for its rich expatriate clientele. Most financial institutions are furnished with modern facilities which accommodate the needs of the clients. In fact, the banking sector has been privatized to enable quality delivery of services. Also, the country is equipped with IT infrastructure and

The Art of Japanese Management Essay Example for Free

The Art of Japanese Management Essay The art of Japanese management talks about the differences of the Eastern and Western management, and clarifies this differences by citing transnational companies and the ways they did or do solve social and cultural problems that the main management has nowadays. The book starts by sitting on the history of great western organizations like government, military and the church. Its divided in 8 chapters, but its mainly divided in 3 subjects: The 7 S framework, the japanese reflection and The American way. The first leadership concept that shows is the line of command. Contrasting with China and Japan, the occidental society evolves separately with separate influence spheres: The church was always taking care of the faith and the spiritual life of the men meanwhile the government and the commercial institutions had the role of providing the to the human beings to take care of the existence. The corporation started to growth acting as a dominant organization inside a society in this century. The western world was starting to leader the rest of the world, there was no surprise that we all know as modern management was a western invention. The new professionals have the same challenges as before in time: How to efficiently administrate the organization, how to delegate responsibilities, and how to gratify and motivate the employees. The main difference between Western and Eastern organizations is that the last ones use the organizational structure and formal systems to attack these issues. In general, comparing with Western organizations, Eastern organization pays more attention on social and spiritual subjects. The ideology takes persons to achieve organizational goals, but mainly and invariably, these are based on sanctions. Today, the most important tasks like the significance of punctuality, sense of belonging, sanctions against thievery, the importance of performance at work, and the ways to solve conflicts and issues are taking by society before their members take part of a company’s task force. Most of the times eastern societies are representatively big, and most of the time matters like public, private and spiritual are so integrated that the companies take control of these type of tasks as a whole in human being. Company takes another role rater to just being transactions between work and capital. The book gives us the advice to take the best practices of the Japanese administration and to adopt it to our environment, questioning some western â€Å"truths† and some management abilities. To explain the 7 S Framework, the book describes the actions of Konosuke Matsushita, founder of Panasonic, over the management of National and other companies. To start describing the Strategy, Matsushita broke all the existing rules about convention of company names, by naming his company National instead of Matsushita. He changed the way of product commercialization by selling it directly to the stores, without intermediaries, lowering costs. Matsushita gave importance to market shares, high volumes of production generates saving on production cost allowing the company to transmit this reduced prices to their customers. The third element of the strategy was the followership, in which Matsushita didn’t create or invent products, instead, the company’s research and development imitates it but the big difference was that the company offered the same product with an attractive improvement. His best concept of research and development was to take the product, imitate it to the maximum detail and to find a better and more attractive way to offer it to the competitor. Describing organizational structure, he fixed the goal of maintain the thing small and entrepreneurial. To start growing, he organized the company into divisions. When he saw that the manager’s skill were improving, he figured out that they were preparing to be general administrators of a growing company, but the issue were that all the managers were making this progress in their abilities independent and separately. For this, he centralizes the controllership’s functions, the personnel functions, he institutionalize a central bank and the centralized all the training. Regarding Systems, Matsushita was the pioneer of the effective financial systems, and he copied the planning system from Phillips, the Dutch electronics manufacturer. The planning system consisted on that every 6 months, the managers of each division had to deliver 3 plans: The first one was a plan to 5 years, in which he stipulates all the changes that the organization or division will suffer regarding on alterations of new technologies and the environment. The second plan was a plan of to 2 years, in which stipulates how the division will translate the long term strategy in the new plant’s capacity and the new products. The third plan was the â€Å"Program for the Next Sixth Months operation period†. In this plan, the division explained month to month the sales projections, productions, incomes, inventories, accounts receivable, personnel requirements, quality control targets and capital investments. In questions of style, Matsushita was distinguee for his â€Å"hands on† approach. Matsushita understands that a manager has to effectively communicate to people down the line, telling them what he cares about. His key success has been the ability to get to the employees seven levels down and motivate him to energically pursue the organization’s objective. Another future of Matsushita‘s style was the pragmatic approach to a conflict. As in real life, there will be adjustments and its means to pull together rather to push apart. About spiritual values, Matsushita philosophy provided a basis of meaning beyond production. Matsushita was the first company in Japan to have a song and a code of values. This song was singed every day at 8:00 am al across Japan. For Matsushita, It was unthinkable that work, which occupies at least half of the day, should deny its powerful role. The firm has a inescapable responsibilities to help their employee’s themselves. The basic business principles were: â€Å"To recognize our responsibilities as industrialists, to foster progress, to promote general welfare of society, and to devote ourselves to the further development of world culture† The employee’s creed was: â€Å"Progress and development can be realized only through the combined effort and cooperation of each member of Our Company. Each of us, therefore, shall keep this idea constantly in mind as we devote ourselves to the c continuous improvement of our company†. The seven â€Å"spiritual† values were: 1. National Service Through Industry 2. Fairness 3. Harmony and Cooperation 4. Struggle for Betterment 5. Courtesy and Humility 6. Adjustment and assimilation 7. Gratitude. This values foster consistent expectations among employees in a work force continent to continent spread. Regarding Staff, Matsushita experience started with the basics of business. Every employee, whether they were engineers, accountants, or salesman, began with spending 6 months selling or working directly in a retail outlet. Also, each spends time performing routine tasks on a assembly line. The distinctiveness of the firm is that everyone that stays come to be a part of a culture with common understandings and shared values that helped to facilitate the business needs. Employees weren’t view as participating in management, but their opinions are sought. About skills, it is difficult in a Japanese organization to separate the people from the company. The most salient skills of the founder were the versatility; sometimes he was intensely hands on and sometimes distant. Matsushita seems to combine the gifts of many men. The firm’s skills emerged from the consistent ways in which the parts of the organization all join together. Its organizational structure is reinforced by its system; these gain significant support from the Matsushita style, spiritual values, and staffing policies. Human values were promoted with efficiency. Following this and through extraordinary inter consistency between strategy and skills, it is able to replicate the Matsushita model. The American way is reflected in a chapter that resembles all the managerial methods of Harold S. Geneen, which was president of International Telephone and Telegraph for over two decades. At first sight, the managerial methods implemented are good, but they were created to work only in an environment with the same variables. The comparison between Matsushita and ITT wasn’t perfect but gives us a clear perspective of how things can be done perfectly as Japans in our cultural way. Geneen’s behavior and tension he created produced and intense competitive pressures which drove the executives persistently. His method of management was traditional. There were important and interrelated elements in Geneen’s management approach where he played a central role in his management design. The unshakeable facts, which are something hard and indisputable; at minimum it is the firsthand opinion of an expert, based on the most current information. The second part revolved around a design of checks and balances using staff as parallel and independent source of information from the line and permitting overlapping delegations of authority among and between line and staff functions. The third part of Geneen’s approach was the use of large structured meetings as the focal point of his decision-making process. The fourth part was to impose of a variety of rewards and pressures to ensure his total command. Geneen created tensions between line and staff. In contrast with Matsushita, division managers were seen to lead a challenging and precarious existence, while line staff half of the time exaggerated problems to make they look good under the boss eyes. One product manager traced the source of the problem between line and staff to the bonus system, because it represented 30% or more of the salary. The problem was that putting staff on individual performance bonuses resulted in the justification of their existence. They were always trying to prove what they had done in order to look good in the reports. This created an adversary relationship with people on the line. The reward system drove that kind of behavior. Geneen meetings were interrogatory, even adversarial,. The general manager’s report had already been written and everyone assumed to have studied it, but the meetings were held to identify new problems. Part of what made Geneen’s system to work was the fear. Fear of being caught uninformed and being humiliated in meetings and of being punished. It it’s often said that positive motivations are more powerful than negative ones. Geneens personal style can also be described as attentive, committed, determined, pragmatic, and forceful and disciplined. His managerial approach had powerful effects on others, and the labels they used to characterize these patterns in his behaviors, and thus his values and beliefs, were often charged with emotion. Seven elements were used to understand better both Matsushita and ITT. Strategy belongs to a firm’s plan of action that causes it to allocate it scarce resources over time to get from where it it’s to where it wants to go. Structure refers to the way a firm is organized, whether it’s decentralized or centralized, whether it emphasizes line or staff. Structure refers on how boxes are arranged. System refers to how information moves around within the organization. Staff belongs not to staff in the line/staff senses, but to demographic characteristics of the people who live in an organization. Skills are those things which the organization and its key personnel do particularly well. Style refers to the patterns of behavior of the top executive and senior management team. Super ordinate Goals or shared values include spiritual and significant meanings and shared values of the people within an organization and refers to the overarching purposes to which an organization and its members dedicate themselves.

Characterization in Albert Camus The Plague and Samuel Becketts Waiting for Godot :: comparison compare contrast essays

Characterization in Albert Camus' The Plague and Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot Characterization is an important aspect of Waiting for Godot and The Plague. In both works, the authors use characters to express their own views and enable the reader to understand themes and messages. In The Plague, Camus discloses a small part of himself in each of the primary characters. The main character, Dr. Bernard Rieux, represents Camus' own rejection of needless suffering and his overwhelming compassion and respect for people searching for meaning in life (Lebesque 80). He silently accepts all that happens in the course of the epidemic, waiting patiently for the pestilence to die away. His role in the book can be summed up when he tells Father Panaloux that "Salvation's much too big a word for me. I don't aim so high. I'm concerned with man's health; and for me his health comes first" (219). Rieux rejects any form of heroism, focusing all of his energy on his duties as a doctor. Dr. Tarrou, the other protagonist in the work, shares a smaller portion of the narrative duties. Unlike Rieux, Tarrou often gives a personal, more moral account of the events happening around town. He often gives his own opinions on something, rather than a simple impartial explication. Tarrou expresses a desire for simplicity and directness while also wishing to rid himself of all evil. He identifies the plague with the death penalty and launches into an elaborate story about how his father was a lawyer and regularly fought for the death penalty. His emotional reactions against capital punishment express Camus' own views of a world in which the murder of people is legal and human existence becomes worthless (Rhein 44). Characterization is key in establishing the theme of Waiting for Godot. Vladimir and Estragon seem to have two modes of existence: together and by themselves. One critic observes, "As members of a cross-talk act, Vladimir and Estragon have complementary personalities" (Esslin 29). Vladimir seems to be the more stable of the two, while Estragon is more of a dreamer. Vladimir pretty much makes all of the decisions, and he is the only one to remember significant events from the past. He is always the one to remind Estragon that they must wait for Godot, and he seems to be the only one who cares about the consequences of not waiting.

Native Son Essay: The Quest for Identity -- Native Son Essays

Native Son: The Quest for Identity  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The violence depicted in Native Son, although quite grotesque, is absolutely necessary to deliver the full meaning that Richard Wright wishes to convey.   Bigger's many acts of violence are, in effect, a quest for a soul. He desires an identity that is his alone. Both the white and the black communities have robbed him of dignity, identity, and individuality. The human side of the city is closed to him, and for the most part Bigger relates more to the faceless mass of the buildings and the mute body of the city than to another human being. He constantly sums up his feelings of frustration as wanting to "blot out" those around him, as they have effectively blocked him out of their lives by assuming that he will fail in any endeavor before he tries. He has feelings, too, of fear, as Wright remarks "He was following a strange path in a strange land" (p.127). His mother's philosophy of suffering to wait for a later reward is equally stagnating -- to Bigger it appears that she is weak a nd will not fight to live. Her religion is a blindness; but she needs to be blind in order to survive, to fit into a society that would drive a "seeing" person mad. All of the characters that Bigger says are blind are living in darkness because the light is too painful. Bigger wants to break through that blindness, to discover something of worth in himself, thinking that "all one had to do was be bold, do something nobody ever thought of. The whole things came to him in the form of a powerful and simple feeling; there was in everyone a great hunger to believe that made them blind, and if he could see while others were blind, then he could get what he wanted and never be caught at it" (p.120). Just as ... ...ne who will remember. His thought "Max did not even know!" (p.494) shows some of the passion behind his quest for self. If extreme emotions are polar opposites of each other, and one is born simply with the capacity for emotion itself, then Bigger could have been great. But the image of the death of the product, the child, of the city appeals to those who caused his birth, and there is no redemption for Bigger. Society hates most what it itself creates, and Bigger as the very reflection of that society must die. He is not a good person, he is not noble or true or brilliantly creative. But he has the capacity for all of those things, and has not been given the chance to fulfill them. His crime of violence is as much the crime of the people around him, who stifled his soul and nourished the other, baser side of him that was the only way he had of self-expression.   

A Critical Assessment of the Eclectic Theory

INTRODUCTION It is true of everything that the first steps ate both the most important and the most difficult. To begin with, theorization consists of a set of definitions of concepts. The basic concepts underlying the eclectic theory of the multinational enterprise (MNE)(1) are currently being criticized by the internalization theorists(2) in that the ‘ownership advantage' is ‘double counting,' that is, the internalization and location factors are necessary and sufficient to explain the existence and growth of the MNE.The controversy seems to require a thorough examination of the concept of the ‘ownership advantage'. However, the examination should extend further afield. Our objective in this paper is to assess critically the three basic concepts in the eclectic theory, i. e. , the ‘ownership advantage,' the ‘internalization advantage,' and the ‘location advantage' and to suggest the beginnings of an alternative framework to deal with the MNE and FDI (i. e. , foreign direct investment). REDUNDANCY OF THE ‘OWNERSHIP ADVANTAGE'Some Features of the Electic Theory First of all, we must set up the target of our examination. The eclectic theory, Mark I, as advocated by Dunning is as follows [Dunning 1981:79]: 1. It (i. e. , the firm) possesses net ownership advantages vis-a-vis firms of other nationalities in serving particular markets. These ownership advantages largely take the form of the possession of intangible assets, that are, at least for a period of time, exclusive or specific to the firm possessing them. . Assuming condition 1 is satisfied, it must be more beneficial to the enterprise possessing these advantages to use them itself rather than to sell or lease them to foreign firms, that is, for it to internalize its advantages through an extension of its own activities rather than externalize them through licensing and similar contracts with independent firms. 3.Assuming conditions 1 and 2 are satisfied, it must be profitable for the enterprise to utilize these advantages in conjunction with at least some factor inputs (including natural resources) outside its home country; otherwise foreign markets would be served entirely by exports and domestic markets by domestic production. Four features of the eclectic theory should be noted here, as far as they are concerned with our argument. Firstly, needless to say, the concept of the advantage is a relative concept; i. e. advantage of a firm vis-a-vis the others tautologically means their disadvantage vis-a-vis the firm. The advantage is understood from the viewpoint of economic competitiveness and profitability, and thus it takes the form of an economic asset whether tangible or intangible. Thus, the asset value is measured by capitalizing the stream of expected future earnings by means of the rate of return. Secondly, the concept of internalization is interpreted as internalization of an ‘ownership advantage' rather than that of an imperfec t market. 3) Thirdly, the existence per se of the ‘ownership advantage' has nothing to do with the internalization; thus, the ‘ownership advantage' is logically independent of the ‘internalization advantage. ‘ Finally, the ‘ownership advantage' is logically independent of the ‘location advantage;' thus, the ‘ownership advantage' can be measured without referring to location factors. (4) The Logic of the Internalization Theory Let us focus on the second and third features and compare them with the basic logic of the internalization theory. The distinctive feature of the internalization theory is its recognition that the firm is an economic institution, the objective of which is to maximize profit (i. e. , super-normal profit in the Marshallian sense) in the world of market imperfections. The firm attempts to maximize its revenue and minimize its costs: the firm maximizes its organizational benefits after remunerating all the factors of produc tion, R&D, marketing, and management.Firstly, if arm's-length markets are inefficient and incur huge transaction costs, the firm would replace them with its unified ownership and control (i. e. , the internal quasi-market)(6) and minimize its internalization costs;(7) i. e. , the internalization of markets. Secondly, if no market exists for external economies defined to be private costs minus social costs), the firm would bring them under common ownership and control and prevent them from leaking outside; i. e. , the internalization of externalities. 8) Thirdly, if internal economies defined to be private benefits and, at the same time, social benefits) are expected after totally eliminating markets, whether internal or external, the firm would not only internalize the markets but also reorganize and rationalize the activities under the common ownership and control; i. e. , integration under internalization. (9,10) Market imperfections may exist in final-product markets as well as i n intermediate-product markets of physical products (i. e. components and semi-finished products) and intellectual products (i. e. , knowledge or information). final-product markets, however imperfect they are, the firms cannot internalize markets since, needless to say, consumers are independent of producers and merchants. They can only acquire super-normal profit by manipulating their market power. Note that although some academics misunderstood,(11) there is no guarantee that the internalization increases efficiency and social welfare in both intermediate- and final-product markets.On the contrary, it is quite possible that the internalization by the MNE creates imperfect competition or monopolistic (monopsonistic) situations and thus increases social costs by means of restricting the output of high-tech goods, building up an entry barrier by vertical and/or horizontal integration, effective collusion, etc. It is also quite possible that the integration takes part in restricting competition and more than offsets its positive benefits in social welfare. (12,13) In relation to social costs, we should pay some attention to a new concept, perceived transaction costs. Transaction costs can be classified into three categories; i. e. , those inherent in commodity transactions per se,(14) those inherent in oligopolistic or imperfect competition, and those originating from government regulations. (15) Oligopolistic or imperfect competition places competitors in a situation of uncertainty in respect of potential transaction costs as a result of arrn's-length transactions. Concerns about the dissipation of valuable information may well inflate the value of subjectively perceived transaction costs to the extent of virtually prohibiting arm's-length transactions.Uncertainty in oligopolistic or imperfect competition creates self-inflating feature to the ‘perceived transaction costs'. Certain 'embedded social relations' modify pure economic rationality(16) and affec t the choice of internalization. Furthermore, bounded and creeping rationality of the management makes the strategy (i. e. , choosing between internalization, integration, and arm's-length transactions) fairly rigid once it has been decided upon. 17) Internalization, in these circumstances, may be perceived as private-cost minimization, but not as social-cost minimization. 18 Another important feature of the internalization theory is that it expounds interrelations between production, R&D, marketing, and management. (19) The internalization of the markets and externalities of these activities and their integration generate the advantages of the firm over the others. The firm may exercise its market power when it internalizes and integrates them, so as †¦